Saturday, November 27, 2010

Lawrence Hall of Science

The Lawrence Hall of Science is a science center near UC Berkeley which has several exhibits about science. At the entrance, there is a whale and a giant DNA sculpture. In the Ingenuity in Action exhibit, you can make things out of paper and pipe cleaners and put them in a wind chamber to see how high they go. You can also make cars and test them on a track. In the Science on a Sphere exhibit, you can see a huge sphere which is a model of the earth which shows things about the earth like where temperatures are rising, where tsunamis are, and how the gulf oil spill's surface area rose. In the Math Around the World section, you can play games from all around the world that have to do with math such as Nim, Magic Squares, Three Men’s Morris, Mills, Kalah, and Hex. In the nanoZone, you can experiment with things that are really small and learn how geckos stick to things. You can also measure yourself in nanometers and learn about scientists who specialize in nanotechnology. In the Kapla exhibit, you can make complicated things out of simple building planks. I didn’t get to do Kapla but I saw people building cool things. You can’t do everything in one day. The Kid’s Lab is a place for kids kindergarten and under. Outside in the exhibit Forces that Shape the Bay, there is a great view of the Bay Area and you can learn about earthquakes, erosion, and weather. You can even see the Golden Gate Bridge! There is a featured exhibit called Scream Machines which is about roller coasters. You can stand on a revolving platform, go in a roller coaster simulator, and walk through a spinning tube that makes it feel like you are turning upside down. You can even build a roller coaster and roll balls down model roller coaster slopes. There is also a planetarium which has interactive shows. One of the shows is about learning astronauts do things in space and how people launch satellites. The second show is about the moons in the solar system. The last one is about constellations. In the Math Rules section, you can complete math challenges made with simple objects. In the Animal Atrium, you can visit an excavation site and see a full skeleton of a Mastodon. There is an Animal Discovery Room in which you can learn about yourself and other animals and hold animals. One of the special programs is Ingenuity Lab. In it you can make things and test your design. There is a new challenge every month. I think kids 4-12 will like this place a lot. In my opinion, the nanoZone and the math exhibits are a must see. The Lawrence Hall of Science is named after Ernest Orlando Lawrence, a great scientist in chemistry who invented the cyclotron. You can learn more about him in the Lawrence Memorial.
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Saturday, November 20, 2010

A Short Essay on Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who was widely credited for discovering America. He wasn’t really the person who discovered it. Christopher Columbus was born between August 25 and October 31 in Genoa, Liguria which is now part of Italy. In 1479 or 1480 he had a son named Diego. The land route to China and India wasn’t good anymore so Christopher Columbus thought of going around the world there by sea. He thought the Earth was much smaller than it really was. He went to some kings like John II, King of Portugal to ask for boats, but they said that the length of the circumference of the Earth was a lot longer than what Columbus said. Then he went to Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. According to them if he discovered any new islands or mainland, he would get high rewards. On August 3, 1492, Columbus departed from modern Spain with three ships. They were Santa Maria, Pinta, and Nina. First he sailed to the Canary Islands. Then he set sail again. On October 12, 1492, an island was spotted. Columbus named it San Salvador. Nobody knows which island in the Bahamas he named San Salvador.
Map of the world during Christopher Columbus's time.
He also explored the northeast coast of Cuba. He went on a second voyage from modern Spain on September 24, 1493 and on November 3, 1493 he saw an island he named Dominica (Latin for Sunday). He named several islands. When he came back everyone was disappointed he hadn’t found China. He had a third voyage on May 30, 1498 and he explored Trinidad on July 31. On May 11, 1502, Columbus made a fourth voyage. On December 5 they went in a big storm. Then on June 25, 1503 they got stranded on Jamaica. They were stranded there for one year. Help arrived from Spain on June 29, 1504 and they got back on November 7. In Christopher Columbus’s later days he demanded that the Spanish Crown give him 10% of all the profits made in new lands. He died on May 20, 1506 in Valladoid, Castile.

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